Venezuela is in South America is close to Colombia, Brazil and Guyana, and was originally developed by Carib, Arawak and Chibcha peoples, agriculture and hunting and lived along the coast, lives in the Andes and the Orinoco River. The first Spanish settlement was established in 1522 and Venezuela became a Spanish colony until independence in 1811 as part of Gran Colombia, which he then dropped.
Venezuela was ruled by a series of military dictatorships, to1958 when Romulo Betancourt won the first democratic presidential election. Oil crisis of 1970 brought the windfall profits for the oil industry of Venezuela, but has created additional social tensions due to unequal distribution of wealth. Unrest grew in 1980, when oil prices fell and social programs were cut, and resulted in an historic agreement between government, business and trade unions.
Further economic problems were compounded by an International Monetary Fund (IMF) loans and drasticausterity program led to riots, general strikes, martial law, and many deaths. Carlos Andres Perez was elected president in 1989 and survived two military coups in 1992, before he was ousted and imprisoned seven years later because of embezzlement and corruption.
In 1998, Hugo Chavez, leader of the first coup against Perez, was elected and a new constitution. Hugo Chavez was reelected in 2000 for another six years for a mandate for radical reform of agriculture and oilAreas such as the Bolivarian Revolution, after independence hero Simon Bolivar known. The reforms in the oil sector led a national strike and the management of the block in 2002, which led a military coup in 48 hours. A popular uprising followed a referendum in August 2004 returned a victory for Chavez and his reform program.
The results of recent elections returned a clear victory for the Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) of Hugo Chavez Frias, 59% of the votes in the past. The nextPresident-elect for the 3rd December 2006 expected. Other influential political organizations are part of the Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce (Federación de camara y Asociaciones de Comercio y Producción de Venezuela), also known as FEDECAMARAS. This organization represents the interests of the twelve sectors: banking, agriculture, trade, construction, energy, manufacturing, media, mining, livestock, insurance, transport andTourism.
FEDECAMARAS set wages and working conditions in these areas and provides management through strikes and lockouts. It 'been a strong attempt failed coup in 2002 and its leader, Pedro Carmona involved, briefly took over the presidency, before seeking protection in Colombia. In 2002, the President has a new Board of Directors appointed by Petroleos de Venezuela, the national oil company. This move was deeply unpopular with oil company executives, right wing mediaInterests, FEDECAMARAS Business Group, and the opposition of the unions.
A national strike and the blockade was called, which lasted nine weeks. The military leaders sided with the strikers and took the president in military custody. However, Hugo Chavez took his interim presidency two days after the dictatorship collapsed. Go to the center of a background of mounting opposition forces depose the president, has given the Organization of American States (OAS)an agreement with the government and the opposition to a referendum on the continuation of the presidency. Million euro signed two petitions demanding that the referendum be held, and finally reached the transitional government.
Finally, in August 2004, the referendum was to decide whether Hugo Chavez should continue his presidency, or in the office immediately. The result was 58% in support of the President, 42% against. This was a convincing endorsement of the reform of publicProgram and five months later, Hugo Chavez signed a decree intended to break landowner and distribute to the landless. Support for the reform program in the electoral success in 2005 and translated into an election boycott by opposition groups has led to a national assembly filled with Chavez supporters.
The Confederation of Venezuelan Workers (Confederación de Trabajadores de Venezuela) (CTV) and the National Union of Workers' Venezuela (Unión Nacional deTrabajadores de Venezuela) (UNT) are the two main rival trade union federations. Historically CTV actively opposed military coups and is a symbol of democracy. However, he always supported by the members of Democratic Action (AD) and understanding of the interests of the oil industry and the controlled media.
CTV has declared a general strike organized in April 2002 in protest against the President and in cooperation with the block of FEDECAMARAS.Subsequently many trade unions broke away from CTV, and set up UNT. This government supports the reform program and the leadership of the President.
Venezuelan society remains deeply concerned about the reform program and other non-democratic attempts to depose the president are divided as possible. Strong domestic and foreign interests are deep, the reform program and the trailer must be seen in contrast with real results in alleviating poverty and inequality in Venezuela, if they werecontinue to vote for Hugo Chavez and MVR. Meanwhile, oil revenues will be used to fund social programs, national anti-poverty and foreign policy initiatives.
Copyright: Rowena Slope 2006 (Research Redkite)
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